RESUMO
AbstractObjective: to determine whether there is an association between knowledge of the nursing professionals about blood transfusion and the variables related to the professional aspects.Method: this is an observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out at a large general teaching hospital. The sample consisted of 209 nursing professionals, obtained by simple random sampling. For data collection, a checklist was used. In the univariate analysis, descriptive statistics and central trend and dispersion measures were used. In the bivariate analysis, Student's t-Test, analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation were used. To determine the predictors, multiple linear regression was applied. The Institutional Review Board (Opinion number 2434) approved the study.Results: the overall average knowledge score was 52.66%; in the Pre-transfusion Step, it corresponded to 53.38%; in the Transfusion Step 51.25% and, in the Post-transfusion Step, 62.68%. The factors related to knowledge were professional category and received training and/or guidance to accomplish the transfusion process (p<0.01).Conclusion: this study showed the influence of training and guidance on the knowledge and provided a diagnosis to identify the professionals' difficulties regarding the transfusion process.
ResumoObjetivo:verificar se há associação entre o conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem sobre hemotransfusão e as variáveis relacionadas aos aspectos profissionais.Método:trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, quantitativo, realizado em um hospital geral, de ensino e de grande porte. A amostra foi constituída por 209 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem, obtida por sorteio aleatório simples. A coleta de dados utilizou um instrumento do tipo checklist. Na análise univariada, utilizaram-se estatística descritiva e medidas de centralidade e de dispersão. Na análise bivariada, utilizaram-se o Teste t de Student, a análise de variância e a correlação de Pearson. Para determinar os preditores, utilizou-se a regressão linear múltipla. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (Parecer n° 2434).Resultados:a média de escore geral de conhecimento foi de 52,66%, na Etapa Pré-transfusional foi de 53,38%; na Etapa Transfusional, 51,25%; e na Etapa Pós-transfusional, 62,68%. Os fatores relacionados ao conhecimento foram categoria profissional e receber treinamento e/ou orientação para a realização do processo transfusional (p<0,01).Conclusão:este estudo evidenciou a influência do treinamento e orientação sobre o conhecimento e forneceu um diagnóstico para a identificação das dificuldades dos profissionais relacionadas ao processo transfusional.
ResumenObjetivo:verificar si existe asociación entre el conocimiento de los profesionales del equipo de enfermería sobre transfusión sanguínea con las variables relacionadas a aspectos profesionales.Método:se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en un hospital general, de enseñanza y de gran porte. La muestra fue constituida por 209 profesionales del equipo de enfermería, obtenida por sorteo aleatorio simple. La recolección de datos utilizó un instrumento del tipo lista de verificación. En el análisis univariado, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y las medidas de centralidad y de dispersión. En el análisis bivariado, se utilizaron el test t de Student, el análisis de variancia y la correlación de Pearson. Para determinar los factores de predicción, se utilizó la regresión linear múltiple. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con dictamen n° 2434.Resultados:el promedio del puntaje general de conocimiento fue de 52,66%; en la Etapa de Pre-transfusión fue de 53,38%; en la Etapa de Transfusión, 51,25%; y, en la Etapa Post-transfusión, 62,68%. Los factores relacionados al conocimiento fueron: categoría profesional y recibir entrenamiento y/u orientación para la realización del proceso de transfusión (p<0,01).Conclusión:este estudio evidenció la influencia del entrenamiento y la orientación sobre el conocimiento y suministró un diagnóstico para la identificación de las dificultades de los profesionales relacionadas al proceso de transfusión.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Células Endoteliais/imunologia , Expressão Gênica , Antígenos HLA-G , Imunidade Celular/genética , Macrófagos/imunologia , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Técnicas de Cocultura , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Antígenos HLA-G/genética , Antígenos HLA-G/imunologia , Macrófagos/patologia , SuínosRESUMO
A fase perinatal do desenvolvimento constitui um dos períodos de vida mais desafiadores para o sistema imunológico dos potros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o perfil protéico sérico de parâmetros relacionados à imunidade de equinos jovens no período perinatal, verificando-se a transferência de imunidade passiva. Oito animais desmamados há um dia, formaram o Grupo 1 (G1), enquanto vinte animais desmamados há mais de trinta dias formaram o Grupo 2 (G2). A concentração sérica de proteína total foi determinada por refratometria. Para o fracionamento das proteínas, utilizou-se eletroforese em gel de acrilamida. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de medidas repetidas e ao teste Tukey (p<0,05) para comparação das médias. As concentrações de IgA apresentaram diferença (p<0,05) entre os grupos, porém os valores observados encontravam-se dentro do considerado normal para equinos adultos. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) nas concentrações de IgG. O estabelecimento adequado da imunidade celular ocorre durante a fase neonatal, nos animais que ingerem adequadamente o colostro e o leite. O presente estudo determinou diferenças no perfil protéico sérico de parâmetros relacionados à imunidade de equinos jovens no período imediato ao desmame, comparados com animais desmamados há mais de 30 dias. De acordo com os valores observados, concluiu-se que os animais, mesmo desmamados precocemente, obtiveram transferência adequada de imunidade passiva.
The perinatal phase of foal development is one of the most challenger period for the immune system. The present study has analyzed serum protein profile, considering variables related to immunity in foals at the perinatal phase, verifying passive immunity transfer. The group 1 (G1) contained eight foals evaluated one day after weaning, and group 2 (G2) included twenty foals at more than thirty days after weaning. Total protein concentration was determined by means of refractometry. The concentration of serum proteins was determined through sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (P<0.05). IgA concentration showed difference (P<0.05) between the two studied groups, however data were within adult healthy horses normal values. IgG didn't show statistical difference (P>0.05). The cellular immunity establishment occurs in the neonatal phase, in foals that suckled colostrum and milk properly. The present study showed differences in serum protein profile, considering variables related to immunity, in foals immediately after weaning comparing to foals at more than 30 days after weaning. According to the observed values, we conclude that foals, even early weaned, showed proper passive immunity tranfer.
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Imunidade Celular/genética , Imunidade Humoral/genética , Imunização Passiva/veterinária , Desmame , Colostro/imunologia , Plasma/imunologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The third variable (V3) loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein has been intensively studied for AIDS vaccine development. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is widely used to immunize against tuberculosis and has many advantages as a vaccine vehicle, such as low toxicity, adjuvant potential, low cost, and long-lasting immune-inducing capacity. This work was initiated to investigate the immunogenicity of recombinant BCG (rBCG-mV3) designed to express trimeric HIV-1 V3 loop (mV3) in rBCG-mV3-immunized animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIV-1 V3-concatamer was cloned into pMV261, a BCG-expression vector, and then rBCG-mV3 was constructed by introducing the recombinant plasmid (pMV-V3). The recombinant BCG was examined with regard to its expression of V3-concatamer and the genetic stability in vivo and in vitro. The immune responses induced by recombinant BCG were tested in immunized mice and guinea pigs. RESULTS: The rBCG-mV3 expressed detectable amounts of V3-concatamer when induced by single heat-shock. The recombinant BCG was genetically stable and maintained the introduced mV3 gene for several weeks. V3-specific antibodies were clearly detected 6 weeks after inoculation. The antibody titer rapidly increased after immunization up to 10 weeks, and then maintained for over 4 weeks. IgG2a was prevalent in the V3-specific antiserum. The recombinant BCG was also effective in inducing delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in the immunized guinea pigs. rBCG-immunized mice retained substantial amounts of V3-specific T cells in the spleen, even 5 months after the first immunization. CONCLUSION: Recombinant BCG-mV3 is very efficient in inducing humoral and long-lasting cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1 V3 in the immunized animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Vacinas contra a AIDS/genética , Vacina BCG/genética , Cobaias , HIV-1/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/genética , Imunidade Humoral/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Produtos do Gene env do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The third variable (V3) loop of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein has been intensively studied for AIDS vaccine development. Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is widely used to immunize against tuberculosis and has many advantages as a vaccine vehicle, such as low toxicity, adjuvant potential, low cost, and long-lasting immune-inducing capacity. This work was initiated to investigate the immunogenicity of recombinant BCG (rBCG-mV3) designed to express trimeric HIV-1 V3 loop (mV3) in rBCG-mV3-immunized animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIV-1 V3-concatamer was cloned into pMV261, a BCG-expression vector, and then rBCG-mV3 was constructed by introducing the recombinant plasmid (pMV-V3). The recombinant BCG was examined with regard to its expression of V3-concatamer and the genetic stability in vivo and in vitro. The immune responses induced by recombinant BCG were tested in immunized mice and guinea pigs. RESULTS: The rBCG-mV3 expressed detectable amounts of V3-concatamer when induced by single heat-shock. The recombinant BCG was genetically stable and maintained the introduced mV3 gene for several weeks. V3-specific antibodies were clearly detected 6 weeks after inoculation. The antibody titer rapidly increased after immunization up to 10 weeks, and then maintained for over 4 weeks. IgG2a was prevalent in the V3-specific antiserum. The recombinant BCG was also effective in inducing delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in the immunized guinea pigs. rBCG-immunized mice retained substantial amounts of V3-specific T cells in the spleen, even 5 months after the first immunization. CONCLUSION: Recombinant BCG-mV3 is very efficient in inducing humoral and long-lasting cell-mediated immunity against HIV-1 V3 in the immunized animals.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Vacinas contra a AIDS/genética , Vacina BCG/genética , Cobaias , HIV-1/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/genética , Imunidade Humoral/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Produtos do Gene env do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent malignant bone tumor occurring in young patients in the first two decades of life. Metastases are the cause of 90% of cancer deaths for patients with OS. OS of the jaw is rare and aggressive malignancy constitutes approximately 5-13% of all cases of skeletal OS. Chemotherapy plus surgery are the first choice for treatment. AIMS: Because OS cell lines (OCLs) should share a common pathway with primary OS and new drugs are screened in in vitro systems, new insight about the genetic profiling of OCLs is of paramount importance to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of this rare tumor and detecting a potential target for specific therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SAOS2 and TE85 cell lines were analysed using DNA microarrays containing 19,000 genes. Several genes in which expression was significantly differentially expressed in OCLs vs. normal osteoblast (NO) were detected. RESULTS: The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (a) cell cycle regulation, (b) cell differentiation, (c) apoptosis, and (d) immunity. CONCLUSION: The reported data can be relevant to a better understanding of the biology of OS and as a model for comparing the effect of drugs used in OS treatment.
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Apoptose/genética , Neoplasias Ósseas/genética , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes cdc , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Osteoblastos/citologia , Osteossarcoma/genética , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genéticaRESUMO
Vaccines based on dendritic cells--the immune system's key responders to foreign invaders--grabbed the spotlight of this decade. Scientists have devised a dozen different ways to make dendritic cell vaccines. They have linked dendritic cells with all kinds of antigens, including peptides derived from gene mutations, tumor/pathogen RNA, viral vectors, and with whole pathogen/tumor lysate. And they are adding cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor or interleukin 4 during dendritic cell growth or maturation or at the site of vaccination to try to boost response. We are still learning the best way to generate the dendritic cells, load them with the antigen and send them to the right place in the body, and use of the biological stage of development of dendritic cells that is best suited to stimulate a response. In the present review attempts have been made to present a comprehensive synopsis of the history, development and ramifications of evolving knowledge on dendritic cell biology and the prospects for being developed as a rational immunotherapeutic tool. Further clinical studies are warranted.
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Animais , Antígenos/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Diferenciação Celular , Movimento Celular , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Celular/genética , Imunoterapia/métodos , Modelos Biológicos , Organismos Geneticamente Modificados , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Vacinação/métodos , Vírus/imunologiaRESUMO
Biozzi's Selection IV-A mice, genetically selected for 25 generations for high and low antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), 2-3 months old, were made uremic by subtotal nephrectomy and characterized for antibody production against the selection antigen. T cell activity was evaluated in vitro by lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production in response to the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Total and IgM antibody titers (log2) were similar in uremic and non-uremic low responder mice (total antobody: 4.0 +/- 0.6 vs 3.6 +/- 0.6; IgG: 3.0 +/- 0.7 vs 2.4 +/- 0,4), while uremic high responders presented a blunted humoral immune response to SRBC when compared with non-uremic animals (total antibody: 10.8 +/- 1.6 vs 13.0 +/- 0.2; IgG: 10.3 +/- 1.5 vs 11.7 +/- 0.3). T cell proliferation and IL 2 production were similar in uremic and ...
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Animais , Camundongos , Imunidade Celular/genética , Técnicas In Vitro , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Uremia/imunologia , Formação de Anticorpos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Uremia/etiologiaRESUMO
A imunodeficiencia combinada severa e uma doenca rara, cuja heranca e autossomica recessiva ou ligada ao cromossomo X. As manifestacoes clinicas expressam um defeito na resposta antigeno especifica. Os autores apresentam a avaliacao de uma crianca portadora de SCID, que apresentava processos infeciosos recorrentes, com multiplas internacoes. Foi realizada a avaliacao imunologica e descartada a deficiencia de adenosina-deaminase. O paciente foi submetido a herniorrafia de urgencia, evoluindo para obito no setimo dia pos-operatorio. O preparo para possivel transplante de medula ossea havia sido iniciado. Os achados anatomo-patologicos mostraram alteracoes em todo sistema imunologico. E discutida a importancia do diagnostico clinico e terapeutico precoces.
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Humanos , Masculino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Imunidade Celular/genética , Imunoglobulinas/deficiência , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/terapiaRESUMO
As imunodeficiencias primarias (ID) sao classificadas em ID humorais, celulares, combinadas (humorais e combinadas), de fagocitos e complemento. A Sindrome de Imunodeficiencia Combinada Severa discutida na presente monografia, e uma doenca rara com comprometimento da imunidade celular e humoral, cuja heranca e auto-somica recessiva ou ligada ao cromossomo X. Sao varios os defeitos descritos que levam a SCID: bloqueio das "stem cells", bloqueio da maturacao das celulas T e anormalidades da membrana celular. As principais manifestacoes clinicas sao os processos infecciosos recorrentes associados alteracoes cutaneas, pulmonares, de trato digestivo, com evolucao grave (meningite, sepsis). Os exames laboratoriais mostram linfopenia (20 por cento), niveis de imonuglobulinas baixos e ausencia de resposta linfoproliferativa "in vitro". A terapeutica de reposicao de imunoglobulinas esta indicada e a correcao definitiva pode ser obtida atraves do transplante de medula ossea ou terapia genica (na deficiencia de Adenosina Deaminase)
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Imunidade Celular/genética , Formação de Anticorpos/genética , Técnicas In Vitro , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/patologia , Imunoglobulinas/deficiência , Linfócitos B/patologia , Linfócitos T/patologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/terapiaRESUMO
Se presentan dos niños mexicanos con hipoplasia cartílago-pelo y se describen sus particularidades clínicas destacando la rareza de este proceso.